Pulverization
Pulverization is a process in which an existing pavement structure is pulverized and blended with a portion of the existing base materials to create a new, homogenous base course. Because no additives are being used, this process is the least expensive Full Depth Reclamation alternative. Pulverization is best suited for areas where base strength is sufficient enough to support the anticipated loads after surface course overlay.

Mechanical Stabilization
Mechanical Stabilization is a process in which granular material, such as crushed stone, gravel, or even milled material/RAP from an existing asphalt roadway, is added to improve the in-place materials' gradation and structural stability. Simple gradation analysis will help determine what type and how much granular material to add. Mechanical Stabilization is best suited for low to medium traffic volume pavements exhibiting the typical surface and minor base defects associated with an aged, oxidized, and over-loaded pavement.

Bituminous Stabilization
Bituminous Stabilization is a process in which a bituminous material is mixed with the reclaimed materials to create a stabilized base that is flexible and resistant to fatigue and cracking. Virgin aggregate is sometimes added to increase the structural capabilities of the base. Small amounts of chemical stabilizers such as cement, lime or fly ash can also be added with or without virgin aggregate, to increase retained strength while decreasing moisture susceptibility and cure time. Bituminous Stabilization is best suited for medium to high traffic volume pavements, in a similar condition to those described under Mechanical Stabilization, with a maximum of 25% passing the #200 sieve, or a plasticity index less than six.

Chemical Stabilization
Chemical Stabilization is a process very well suited for pavements showing severe distress due to insufficient sub-grade, sub-base, or base materials. These pavements are typically fixed with total reconstruction or costly full depth repairs. Chemical Stabilization allows otherwise unsuitable on-site roadway materials to be turned into strong, structural base. Typical additives being used for Chemical Stabilization, either alone or in combination with each other are lime, fly ash, Portland cement and various kiln dusts. Proper pre-project evaluation, design and testing are critical with this form of stabilization to insure that the additives being proposed will perform to the level expected. Chemical Stabilization should be performed at a minimum thickness of 10" and is best suited for granular, silty or clayley materials, with a plasticity index greater than six.